4 thoughts on “How serious is the corruption case of Guo Heng in the early Ming Dynasty? How did the Ming Dynasty prevent corruption from fraud?”
Katie
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang saw that the social withering caused by the war of more than 20 years, the people did not talk about life, determined to develop production and rest with the people. The is honest, the Chinese people are the most hard -working nations in the world. As long as they give them a peaceful environment, do not exploit too much, they know that they want to make money to support their families. So in a few years, the people's livelihood in the early Ming Dynasty improved a lot.
"It is Shi Yu's wealthy, and enters Yingxin. Musi lost a million stones from Beijing. Loan, then smell. " The corruption case seems to be developing in a stable situation. However, history is like a three -stream screenwriter. It seems to be a good surface, but the waves are turbulent. The eighteenth year of Hongwu, officials in the Ministry of Households (equivalent to the current deputy minister of the Ministry of Finance) Unicom's provinces sold the food in the official warehouse without permission. The amount involved was particularly huge and the impact was particularly bad.
As soon as the case came out, Zhu Yuanzhang suddenly burst. Those who are familiar with the history of the Ming Dynasty are clear that Zhu Yuanzhang is a thin and little grace, and he is cool. Those who fight with him together will not let go, let alone these people. So Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and executed all the officials below the six central servants in the central government. All the officials in charge of the official warehouse were executed. Because this case finally led to too many officials across the country, involving a wide range of faces, which made the whole country's handling of the case. In order to calm the people's indignation, Zhu Yuanzhang's officials who tried the case and others were executed. Because of an economic case, all officials below Daming's deputy minister of Daming were executed in Beijing, and the local officials were not talking about the local officials. This is unprecedented in Chinese history. The case in this case, as long as the person involved in the case is justified, but why is it so extensive, and even a feeling of slaughter! The Ming Dynasty can be said to be the most anticorrosive feudal dynasty in Chinese history. The tragic and even scale of anticorrosion is unprecedented. Why is the Ming Dynasty's strength and determination to be corrupt? Zhu Yuanzhang! I am the victims of corruption among all the emperors in China. Zhu Yuanzhang can be said to be the most difficult in entrepreneurship. The main reason is the background of its birth. Zhu Yuanzhang was born at the bottom of the society. He was basically starved to death because of his poor family and encountering a disaster. What kind of experience is this? I am afraid that only Zhu Yuanzhang knows it. I was born at the bottom, looking at the cold eyes of the world, and suffering from all over the world. It can be said that when he suffered all suffering, the Zhu Yuanzhang family was not helpful by the government. Even if the disaster broke out, the officials he encountered came to collect taxes. The suffering of the people seems to be in the eyes of these officials. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang's heart had a great hatred for the government. After Zhu Yuanzhang hit the world and established the Ming Dynasty, he was determined to give the people a clear world.
"The world is initially determined, the people's financial resources are sleepy, such as the first flying bird, the new plant is not to shake its roots, and it must be restrained." N In "Ming Tong Jian", Zhu Yuanzhang recalled the corruption of the officials he saw in his early years. "When I was still in the folks, I found that many local officials, many of them were wine -colored, often entering and leaving the land of fireworks, but for the people's suffering, I couldn't see it. I hate this in my heart. Group people. Now it is necessary to formulate laws. For officials who harm the people, they must severely punish them. " In childhood unfortunate encounters, suffering in their youth, and the resistance after youth make Zhu Yuanzhang's heart always have the officials of officials. A natural rejection and alert. And the early experience of Zhu Yuanzhang also explained Zhu Yuanzhang's inner thoughts, and he hated officials who were corrupt.
The treasure of poor mountains, the errors of the water in the early Ming Dynasty, the world was initially set, and the national corruption case like Guo Heng had begun to occur. Corruption has been greatly controlled. However, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the corruption of the Ming Dynasty reached the point where it could not be controlled. There is a saying that it describes the face of corrupt officials. "The treasures of poor mountains, the fault of the water, the oyster house in the south, the bears in the north, the burning of the east China Sea, the horse milk of the western region, the real past people are rich in the small seas, the cost of one feast, the exhaustion is exhausted, and the middle is in the middle of the middle. The birth of the home can not be done. " This here, the oyster room is the current oyster, and the burn is now that everyone is familiar with food and seafood abalone. The people who know a little about history know that the biggest traitor of the Ming Dynasty is Yan Song and his son Yan Shifan. According to records, after Yan Song was copied, based on the unified data analysis, he copied 3,296,660,000 gold and 255 million silver. Essence
"Unproof" officials and the "Entry" officials of the "Entry" were founded by the country. To unify such a large country, a large number of officials must be replaced by the emperor's entry into Tongzhuan, and the maintenance of the entire government. Operating procedures. The number of people in the exams every year is increasing, but the number of people who still do not reach the actual needs is still far away. After all, the imperial examinations are every three years, and there are hundreds of people, and some are in Beijing, so there are few people who can go to the local official. It again, in a county, can a county head manage the entire county? He also needed county, the ritual, the master and the master, the master and the classics, the soap class, the people. Therefore, it is said that a dozen people compile the yards, and the number of officials has reached three quarters. To govern a place, a mechanical skill requires a relatively high professional skills. A Jinshi who has achieved the fame through the four books and five classics wants to manage it. This is difficult to manage. So there are many small officials with professional skills. The official support of the officials is very complicated. Some of them have come from military households and people. Although the official represents the government closest to the people, the quality and source of these officials in the Ming Dynasty did not care about the quality and source of these officials. Even in the eyes of the court, the self -default official was not a good thing.
"All the children of the folk handsome, all have to be pre -selected. However, the officials of the officials are bad, and they are not allowed to be tested!" The meaning of this sentence, without translation, everyone knows what it means, I will just mean, I will It is not explained, but this sentence is really surprising. Even the court thought that the officials were bad, so they did not give them the power of the imperial examination. The Emperor Yongle inspected the inspection of the inspection institute and checked the identity of 28 Royal History. These 28 people were basically either a jinshi or a supervisory birth. Emperor Yongle was very happy. When he left, he did not forget to remind the phrase "Do not repeat the official since now." The official as a very important part of the Daming rule, but it is not given to the imperial examinations. Officials, status and official formation are different. Since then, the official has become a subordinate occupation like a drama. The official status in the Ming Dynasty was low, and his identity became cheap. The most terrifying thing is that no matter how well you perform well, he cannot get rid of his tragic social status and cannot see the prospects. , in addition, because the court looked down on, the treatment was very low (the income of officials in the Ming Dynasty was not high, and a county officials had more than a dozen silver a year. Facing the embarrassment of life and the treatment of the court for them, these officials naturally extended their hands to the people.
The officials born to Confucianism have been studying the four books and five classics since childhood, and they are also the hope of the family. Therefore, they are very strange to specific practical operations and scriptures. These specific affairs such as tax collection, implementation policies, and a class of affairs that encourage the masses are given to the officials. As a result, the officials in the middle and late Ming Dynasty became the hereditary of a family and in charge of the actual power of a place. The official was sent to a place as an official by the court. If he could not have a good relationship with the local officials, he would not be able to sit on the official position. The final result was that the official partnership oppressed the people. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was almost the situation in which officials were in the world. How to prevent officials from corruption and fraud. First of all: when the official selection of officials in the Ming Dynasty, the moral level was one of the important investigation factors. No matter how big the official position was, as long as one parent died, he must keep filial piety three three. Otherwise, it would be filial piety. The people who are not filial must not expect this person to be loyal to patriotism. At the same time, the common law book "Da Ye", which has turned various legal cases into a law, is sent to each official, and the study of this book is also required. The purpose is to tell these officials and advise Jun to be greedy , Greed must be arrested. Secondly: The supervision of the supervision system is also very important, and the Ming Dynasty did well in this regard. The Ming Dynasty established an inspection institute to be responsible for supervision affairs in the country. If there were government staff members who violated the law and had unjust or false cases, they would impeach officials who violated the law and reported to the inspection institutes. The review of the case. Muchauan is a central inspection agency. The prisoner is the provincial supervisory agency and is responsible for the inspection position of the province. There is the responsibility of "Ping Ping Litigation, Snow Injustice". Among the six subjects, these six subjects were an independent institution. They were only responsible for the emperor and were responsible for inspecting the six departments. They worked alone because they did not belong to any unit, so they reviewed the world and did everything.
The finally punishment. China has the habit of not being severely punished since ancient times. To put it plainly, criminal cases value, civil cases, executives do not report, and do not investigate policies. The punishment for criminal officials is also very heavy. During the Zhu Yuanzhang period, he had corrupted sixty -two silver and even criminal law. In the eyes of ancient laws, officials have stable and rich income, have unparalleled dignity, and enjoy the privileges that few people enjoy. Despite this, it is too greedy to be corrupted and foolish the people. So if you enjoy more, if you go wrong, the natural punishment is particularly powerful. At the same time, it is also punished other officials.
The case of corruption this time has led to a great impact of the Ming Dynasty's economy, and also caused the court to shock. It also caused the parties to punish the nine tribe of Zhulian, and they have also received all their corruption. In the treasury, and this case has become one of the four major cases of the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty implemented a case of mutual supervision, and if others were found to have corruption, they could report directly and get bonuses themselves.
Moreover, the case is very serious, and the number of people involved is very large. In order to prevent corruption, the Ming Dynasty's blow to these corrupt officials will be very serious. The descendants entered the DPRK as the official.
In the eighteenth year of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang Hongwu, the officials of the Ministry of Households (equivalent to the current Deputy Minister of Finance) of the Ministry of Finance Unicom's provinces sold the food in the official warehouse without permission. The amount involved was particularly huge and the impact was particularly bad.
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang saw that the social withering caused by the war of more than 20 years, the people did not talk about life, determined to develop production and rest with the people.
The is honest, the Chinese people are the most hard -working nations in the world. As long as they give them a peaceful environment, do not exploit too much, they know that they want to make money to support their families. So in a few years, the people's livelihood in the early Ming Dynasty improved a lot.
"It is Shi Yu's wealthy, and enters Yingxin. Musi lost a million stones from Beijing. Loan, then smell. "
The corruption case seems to be developing in a stable situation. However, history is like a three -stream screenwriter. It seems to be a good surface, but the waves are turbulent.
The eighteenth year of Hongwu, officials in the Ministry of Households (equivalent to the current deputy minister of the Ministry of Finance) Unicom's provinces sold the food in the official warehouse without permission. The amount involved was particularly huge and the impact was particularly bad.
As soon as the case came out, Zhu Yuanzhang suddenly burst. Those who are familiar with the history of the Ming Dynasty are clear that Zhu Yuanzhang is a thin and little grace, and he is cool. Those who fight with him together will not let go, let alone these people.
So Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and executed all the officials below the six central servants in the central government. All the officials in charge of the official warehouse were executed. Because this case finally led to too many officials across the country, involving a wide range of faces, which made the whole country's handling of the case. In order to calm the people's indignation, Zhu Yuanzhang's officials who tried the case and others were executed. Because of an economic case, all officials below Daming's deputy minister of Daming were executed in Beijing, and the local officials were not talking about the local officials. This is unprecedented in Chinese history.
The case in this case, as long as the person involved in the case is justified, but why is it so extensive, and even a feeling of slaughter! The Ming Dynasty can be said to be the most anticorrosive feudal dynasty in Chinese history. The tragic and even scale of anticorrosion is unprecedented. Why is the Ming Dynasty's strength and determination to be corrupt?
Zhu Yuanzhang! I am the victims of corruption among all the emperors in China. Zhu Yuanzhang can be said to be the most difficult in entrepreneurship. The main reason is the background of its birth. Zhu Yuanzhang was born at the bottom of the society. He was basically starved to death because of his poor family and encountering a disaster. What kind of experience is this? I am afraid that only Zhu Yuanzhang knows it.
I was born at the bottom, looking at the cold eyes of the world, and suffering from all over the world. It can be said that when he suffered all suffering, the Zhu Yuanzhang family was not helpful by the government. Even if the disaster broke out, the officials he encountered came to collect taxes.
The suffering of the people seems to be in the eyes of these officials. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang's heart had a great hatred for the government. After Zhu Yuanzhang hit the world and established the Ming Dynasty, he was determined to give the people a clear world.
"The world is initially determined, the people's financial resources are sleepy, such as the first flying bird, the new plant is not to shake its roots, and it must be restrained." N In "Ming Tong Jian", Zhu Yuanzhang recalled the corruption of the officials he saw in his early years. "When I was still in the folks, I found that many local officials, many of them were wine -colored, often entering and leaving the land of fireworks, but for the people's suffering, I couldn't see it. I hate this in my heart. Group people. Now it is necessary to formulate laws. For officials who harm the people, they must severely punish them. "
In childhood unfortunate encounters, suffering in their youth, and the resistance after youth make Zhu Yuanzhang's heart always have the officials of officials. A natural rejection and alert. And the early experience of Zhu Yuanzhang also explained Zhu Yuanzhang's inner thoughts, and he hated officials who were corrupt.
The treasure of poor mountains, the errors of the water in the early Ming Dynasty, the world was initially set, and the national corruption case like Guo Heng had begun to occur. Corruption has been greatly controlled. However, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the corruption of the Ming Dynasty reached the point where it could not be controlled. There is a saying that it describes the face of corrupt officials.
"The treasures of poor mountains, the fault of the water, the oyster house in the south, the bears in the north, the burning of the east China Sea, the horse milk of the western region, the real past people are rich in the small seas, the cost of one feast, the exhaustion is exhausted, and the middle is in the middle of the middle. The birth of the home can not be done. "
This here, the oyster room is the current oyster, and the burn is now that everyone is familiar with food and seafood abalone.
The people who know a little about history know that the biggest traitor of the Ming Dynasty is Yan Song and his son Yan Shifan. According to records, after Yan Song was copied, based on the unified data analysis, he copied 3,296,660,000 gold and 255 million silver. Essence
"Unproof" officials and the "Entry" officials of the "Entry" were founded by the country. To unify such a large country, a large number of officials must be replaced by the emperor's entry into Tongzhuan, and the maintenance of the entire government. Operating procedures. The number of people in the exams every year is increasing, but the number of people who still do not reach the actual needs is still far away. After all, the imperial examinations are every three years, and there are hundreds of people, and some are in Beijing, so there are few people who can go to the local official.
It again, in a county, can a county head manage the entire county? He also needed county, the ritual, the master and the master, the master and the classics, the soap class, the people. Therefore, it is said that a dozen people compile the yards, and the number of officials has reached three quarters. To govern a place, a mechanical skill requires a relatively high professional skills. A Jinshi who has achieved the fame through the four books and five classics wants to manage it. This is difficult to manage.
So there are many small officials with professional skills. The official support of the officials is very complicated. Some of them have come from military households and people.
Although the official represents the government closest to the people, the quality and source of these officials in the Ming Dynasty did not care about the quality and source of these officials. Even in the eyes of the court, the self -default official was not a good thing.
"All the children of the folk handsome, all have to be pre -selected. However, the officials of the officials are bad, and they are not allowed to be tested!"
The meaning of this sentence, without translation, everyone knows what it means, I will just mean, I will It is not explained, but this sentence is really surprising. Even the court thought that the officials were bad, so they did not give them the power of the imperial examination.
The Emperor Yongle inspected the inspection of the inspection institute and checked the identity of 28 Royal History. These 28 people were basically either a jinshi or a supervisory birth. Emperor Yongle was very happy. When he left, he did not forget to remind the phrase "Do not repeat the official since now."
The official as a very important part of the Daming rule, but it is not given to the imperial examinations. Officials, status and official formation are different. Since then, the official has become a subordinate occupation like a drama.
The official status in the Ming Dynasty was low, and his identity became cheap. The most terrifying thing is that no matter how well you perform well, he cannot get rid of his tragic social status and cannot see the prospects.
, in addition, because the court looked down on, the treatment was very low (the income of officials in the Ming Dynasty was not high, and a county officials had more than a dozen silver a year. Facing the embarrassment of life and the treatment of the court for them, these officials naturally extended their hands to the people.
The officials born to Confucianism have been studying the four books and five classics since childhood, and they are also the hope of the family. Therefore, they are very strange to specific practical operations and scriptures. These specific affairs such as tax collection, implementation policies, and a class of affairs that encourage the masses are given to the officials. As a result, the officials in the middle and late Ming Dynasty became the hereditary of a family and in charge of the actual power of a place.
The official was sent to a place as an official by the court. If he could not have a good relationship with the local officials, he would not be able to sit on the official position. The final result was that the official partnership oppressed the people. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was almost the situation in which officials were in the world.
How to prevent officials from corruption and fraud. First of all: when the official selection of officials in the Ming Dynasty, the moral level was one of the important investigation factors. No matter how big the official position was, as long as one parent died, he must keep filial piety three three. Otherwise, it would be filial piety.
The people who are not filial must not expect this person to be loyal to patriotism. At the same time, the common law book "Da Ye", which has turned various legal cases into a law, is sent to each official, and the study of this book is also required. The purpose is to tell these officials and advise Jun to be greedy , Greed must be arrested.
Secondly: The supervision of the supervision system is also very important, and the Ming Dynasty did well in this regard. The Ming Dynasty established an inspection institute to be responsible for supervision affairs in the country. If there were government staff members who violated the law and had unjust or false cases, they would impeach officials who violated the law and reported to the inspection institutes. The review of the case.
Muchauan is a central inspection agency. The prisoner is the provincial supervisory agency and is responsible for the inspection position of the province. There is the responsibility of "Ping Ping Litigation, Snow Injustice". Among the six subjects, these six subjects were an independent institution. They were only responsible for the emperor and were responsible for inspecting the six departments. They worked alone because they did not belong to any unit, so they reviewed the world and did everything.
The finally punishment. China has the habit of not being severely punished since ancient times. To put it plainly, criminal cases value, civil cases, executives do not report, and do not investigate policies.
The punishment for criminal officials is also very heavy. During the Zhu Yuanzhang period, he had corrupted sixty -two silver and even criminal law.
In the eyes of ancient laws, officials have stable and rich income, have unparalleled dignity, and enjoy the privileges that few people enjoy. Despite this, it is too greedy to be corrupted and foolish the people. So if you enjoy more, if you go wrong, the natural punishment is particularly powerful. At the same time, it is also punished other officials.
The case of corruption this time has led to a great impact of the Ming Dynasty's economy, and also caused the court to shock. It also caused the parties to punish the nine tribe of Zhulian, and they have also received all their corruption. In the treasury, and this case has become one of the four major cases of the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty implemented a case of mutual supervision, and if others were found to have corruption, they could report directly and get bonuses themselves.
Moreover, the case is very serious, and the number of people involved is very large. In order to prevent corruption, the Ming Dynasty's blow to these corrupt officials will be very serious. The descendants entered the DPRK as the official.
In the eighteenth year of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang Hongwu, the officials of the Ministry of Households (equivalent to the current Deputy Minister of Finance) of the Ministry of Finance Unicom's provinces sold the food in the official warehouse without permission. The amount involved was particularly huge and the impact was particularly bad.